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Abstract Economic sanction is one of the most favored policy options of America. Most of the world's economic sanctions also are imposed by America. China has often been sanctioned by America. What signals are America's economic sanctions used for? Supporters for effective sanctions argue that economic sanctions are used for signaling resolve; others contribute economic sanctions to symbolic signals. Based on an analytical framework, this paper proposes that economic sanctions are used for three kinds of signals: resolve, symbolism and bargaining. Then this paper discusses that: for resolve, the sanction state would threaten the target state and fulfill its commitments; for symbolism, the sanction state would avoid substantial sanctions on critical fields of the target, or avoid continuing to impose more severe economic sanctions; for bargaining, the sanction state would link other claims to the revocation of economic sanctions.
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