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Abstract The US recently imposes a range of unilateral trade protection measures to hit “unfair” practices of trade partners on the pretext of implementing the US “Fair Trade” policies. These measures caused America a lot of disputes with many economies. China and the U.S. are in grave tension particularly, since the two sides have huge differences over key topics such as intellectual property protection, and no economic agreement has been reached. Simultaneously, they compete with each other increasingly fiercely in hi-tech industrial sectors and new trade areas. In the historical perspective, Section 301, 201, 232, and 337 as trade policy instruments, are of significance to maintain the advanced position for the U.S. as a hegemony. Therefore, reducing the Chinese surplus with the US cannot alleviate the tension. Instead, China should insist on a multilateral mechanism to maintain its institutional interests, deepen economic openingup to establish institutions of cooperation, and promote trade policy compliance to develop the industrial policy “Made in China 2025”.
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