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Abstract Abstract：As the collective rise of the Global South emerges, it faces theoretical, institutional and development dilemma. Theoretical dilemma leads to the lack of local perspective in the study of Global South issues, and the legitimacy of collective rise is difficult to be recognized. The institutional dilemma leads to the weakness of the international institutional power of the Global South, while it is difficult to effectively exert international influence. The development dilemma leads to the lowend lockin of the global industrial chain and value chain of Global South, while it is difficult to fully activate its development potential. The Western myth at the theoretical level and the internal and external difficulties at the practical level are the main reasons for the formation and deepening of the dilemma of the collective rise of Global South. As a member of the Global South, China has both the willingness and the ability to help the Global South overcome the corresponding dilemma. In theory, the international symbiosis theory of the Chinese school helps to break the Western myth that emphasizes confrontation and conflict, strengthen the legitimacy of the collective rise of Global South, and promote the realization of equal and orderly multipolar world. In practice, the Belt and Road Initiative can effectively enhance the institutional power of the Global South, and fully activate the economic development of the Global South, helping the Global South to achieve strategic autonomy in development, enhance its independent development capabilities and equally enjoy the fruits of development. Certainly, the application of the theory of international symbiosis and the Belt and Road Initiative to the collective rise of the Global South is still in the exploratory stage, and deep integration still needs to be continuously polished and improved in practice.
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