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Abstract The power transition theory suggests that there is an inevitable conflict between the rising great power and the hegemon when its power approaches that of the hegemon, and thus becomes more aggressive in weighing up the gains and losses of challenging the existing system of international institutions, being dissatisfied with the existing system. Based on this theory, the article analyzes two basic standards of contender: power discrepancy and dissatisfaction with the institutional system. The comprehensive strength of a contender should be more than 80% of the hegemonic power, and the contender wants to change the status quo. The article then discusses why China is not a contender, since China, being a beneficiary of the existing institutional system, is still much weaker than America. China should maintain the cooperative relationship with the hegemon, aiming to get more decision power rather than change the institutional rules.
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