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Abstract In recent years, JapanAustralia maritime security cooperation mechanism has been further developed: bilateral cooperation in key areas such as marine military technology and equipment, naval exercises and training, etc., has made considerable progress, becoming a model of marine security cooperation between America’s AsiaPacific allies. In addition to external factors such as affected by the reform of AsiaPacific security architecture, the strengthened JapanAustralia bilateral maritime security cooperation is also deeply connected to factors such as the development of Japan’s concept of “union of maritime nations” and the implementation of “IndoPacific” strategy of both Japan and Australia. Although both Japan and Australia intend to deepen the bilateral cooperation, Australia may take an equivocal position towards the cooperation with Japan, since Australia is facing a dilemma that the country increasingly depends on China in economy while relies heavily on the US in national security. Furthermore, thorny issues including how to repair existing flaws in JapanAustralian security cooperation and how to orient the bilateral cooperation in the future could also affect the intensity of their resource investment.
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