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| The International Governance on Black Carbon Emission from Arctic Shipping: Situation, Challenge, and Institutional Construction |
| Harbin Engineering University |
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Abstract Black Carbon (BC) is a short-lived climate forcer with dual properties of greenhouse effect substances and atmospheric pollutants, which is extremely harmful to the Arctic environment and ecosystem. BC emission from international maritime shipping is a significant source of climate change and air pollution in the Arctic which has aroused close attention of the international community. However, attempts made by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the Arctic Council, and other institutions on the legislation and practice concerning BC emission reduction, have led to fragmented, non0binding, and framework-based international legal governance status. The IMO and the Arctic Council should take the lead in formulating a Black Carbon Reduction Agreement for Arctic Maritime Shipping as a basis for coordinating related systems, supplemented by measures such as the expansion of Emission Control Areas (ECAs). By means of the club-like operating mechanism and the establishment of rights and obligations, the implementation of the agreement will be safeguarded, and an international governance system for BC emission in the Arctic will be established, ultimately achieving a win-win between BC emission reduction and sustainable development.
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