The South Pacific is an important extension of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. It is supposed to be a strategic choice to strengthen cooperation in deep sea mining with Pacific Island Countries. In the first place, the paper analyzes in detail reasons to enhance cooperation in deep sea mining between China and the Pacific island countries. Secondly, the paper makes a comprehensive exploration into challenges from scientific, technical, economic, environmental and political perspectives. In the end, the paper proposes targeted approaches and policies to guarantee effective cooperation, such as strengthening highlevel communications, building cooperative partners, deepening scientific research cooperation, participating in environmental governance, following sound commercial principles and making full use of international law. In conclusion, presently, it is a good choice to cooperate with the pacific island countries in deep sea mining.