近代海上丝绸之路的新起点——交通、通讯工具变革与近代上海远洋航运的发展

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摘要 1869年苏伊士运河的通航以及1871年欧亚海底电缆的敷设，创造了一个使得东方与西方文明联系更加密切的新时代。就中西贸易运输的载体上海远洋航运业而言，此次交通与通讯工具的变革，使得其在运输方式、运输主体以及贸易结构等方面发生了彻底的改变，这主要表现在轮船逐渐代替帆船成为了远洋航运的主角；新式轮船公司的不断涌现，沪欧远洋航运业间的垄断被打破；中欧直接贸易的开始、由商业大王主导的投机贸易时代的结束以及西方企业在沪投资结构的改变。这些变化对于以上海为中心的近代远洋航运业的发展提供了历史契机，扩大了中西贸易的发展，同时，将上海这座城市以及中国社会在自觉与不自觉、自愿与不自愿中带入了国际化发展的潮流。在当今“一带一路”发展政策的指引下，对其审视与反思无疑会给我们一定的历史启迪。

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	李玉铭

关键词 ：海上丝绸之路, 上海远洋航运, 苏伊士运河, 欧亚海底电缆

Abstract：Navigation of Suez Canal in 1869 and the success of submarine cable laying between Europe and Asia in 1871 created a new era in which Eastern and Western civilization are more closely linked. To the carrier of Chinese and Western trade transportation- Shanghai ocean shipping industry，the change of the transport and communication tools made it completely changed in the mode of transport, principal part of transport and trade structure..This was mainly manifested in that the ship instead of sailing and became the protagonist of ocean shipping; new shipping companies continue to emerge, the monopoly of ocean shipping industry between Shanghai and Europe has been broken; the beginning of direct trade between China and Europe, the end of the speculative trading era dominated by the commercial king; and the changes of the investment structure of Western companies in Shanghai. These changes provided a historic opportunity for the development of modern ocean shipping industry centered in Shanghai, expanded the development of trade between China and the West. Meanwhile, with consciously and unconsciously, voluntarily and involuntarily, this put the city of Shanghai and the Chinese society into the trend of international development. Today, under the guidance of the Belt and Road Initiative, the study will give us some historical enlightenment.

Key words： Maritime Silk Road Shanghai Ocean Shipping Suez Canal Eurasian submarine cable

基金资助:

国家哲学社科重大基金招标项目“日本侵华战争‘慰安妇’资料的整理与研究”（13&ZD094）、上海市高峰高原学科建设计划、上海师大研究生培养改革项目“远洋航运与近代上海城市变迁研究（1850-1941）”（A-0132-16-002037）.

作者简介: 李玉铭，男，山东济宁人，上海师范大学人文与传播学院专门史博士研究生，主要研究方向：海洋史、近代城市研究。

引用本文:

李玉铭. 近代海上丝绸之路的新起点——交通、通讯工具变革与近代上海远洋航运的发展[J]. 太平洋学报 ——官方网站, 2016, 24(6): 89-99. LI Yuming. A New Starting Point of the Modern Maritime Silk Road——Transformation of Transportation and Communication Tools and the Development of Modern Shanghai Ocean Shipping. , 2016, 24(6): 89-99.

链接本文:

http://www.pacificjournal.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.pacificjournal.com.cn/CN/Y2016/V24/I6/89