The Treaty concerning the Archipelago of Spitsbergen makes an important legal basis of China's participation in the arctic affairs. According to the treaty and the Norway Economic Zone Code, China has equal fishing rights in territorial sea even FPAs of Svalbard. China should attach great importance to these rights, which constitute legal foundation and perspective to appropriately select institution, identity and technological path to expand interest in the Arctic, and to creatively participate in the management of fishery industry. It will contribute to taking the initiative and occupying legal high ground to participate in the development and protection of Arctic fishery．

Since the discovery in the late 18th century， the Antarctic has not only been a stage for geopolitical competition， but also an increasingly important area of global governance. Its political process has been deeply influenced by the interactions between geopolitics and governance politics， which resulted in the contemporary relatively stable political ecology based on the Antarctic Treaty System， with the coexistence of cooperation and competition. However， the development and transformation in economy， technology and politics highlights the limitations of ATS， and the political ecology based on it has been confronted with growing challenge. Given that trend， it is of comprehensive strategic significance for China to maintain the stability of ATS， enhance substantive existence， expand real engagement， strengthen the discourse power in the Antarctic， and to coordinate China's Antarctic and global strategies．

At present， the academic circles have made two opposite predictions on the future trend of climate change， in which the trend of global warming has a great influence on the world geopolitics and its security. Climate warming accelerates the thaw of glaciers in the Arctic， and the extension of Arctic navigation time makes the Russian north line face the epoch-making greater safety pressure， which is to change the original three-direction defense structure without threat from the north. The extending of Arctic navigation time will greatly change the logistics layout of Eurasian continent， the Arctic coastal states， and even the India Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Meanwhile， it will partially transfer the geopolitical role of Suez Canal to the Bering Strait， and the focus of geopolitical conflict among world's major powers will move from the south to the North Pacific. The rise of strategic position of the north of Russian and the east of Japan in the global geopolitical pattern will make China a strategic rear area for Russia and Japan. Then the position of Taiwan region will decline in the geostrategic consideration of nations such as United States， and Japan， and China's eastern security border will be further extended to the east. As a result， the reunification of Taiwan and the solution of the South China Sea issue will be feasible. On the other hand， the rising sea level will make the sea water flow into the hinterland of China， which will increase the strategic depth of the eastern coast of China， and China's coast defense is to confront greater pressure．