Bearing with climate change and hi-technology development, the frequency to enter and exit from the Antarctic Treaty Area has been sharply increasing, which makes the Antarctic environmental protection  more serious and makes disputes among signatories of the Antarctic Treaty inevitable. Out of all peaceful methods for settling such disputes, the arbitral approach regulated in the Madrid Protocol is very prominent. Considering the independence of the Antarctic Treaty System and influence of signatories’ activities on the Antarctic environment, although no case for arbitration has been practiced up to date, it is of urgent significance to confirm the status and the nature of the aforementioned arbitral approach in the perspective of international law, to clarify the jurisdiction scope

and exceptions of the arbitration tribunal, to explicate the laws and supplementary materials that could be applied by the tribunal and to dissect difficulties in the implementation of final rulings, with the aim to contribute to enhancing the practical effectiveness of the arbitral approach.